Objective To understand the reporting quality of hepatitis C cases in medical institutions of Anhui Province. Methods Seven hospitals of different levels with a large number of reports of hepatitis C cases were selected.The confirmed cases of hepatitis C,acute cases,and hepatitis C virus nucleic acid positive cases reported by the selected hospitals from July 1,2018 to June 30,2019 were checked.The mistaken report rate,missing report rate and reporting accuracy rate of hepatitis C virus nucleic acid positive cases were calculated. Results A total of 828 confirmed cases of hepatitis C were checked.The overall mistaken report rate of confirmed cases was 46.9% (388/828).The mistaken report rate of confirmed cases in tertiary hospitals (46.7%) was significantly lower than that in secondary hospitals (47.6%) (χ²=0.030,P=0.862).A total of 198 acute cases of hepatitis C were checked,with the overall mistaken report rate of 76.8% (152/198).The mistaken report rate of acute cases in tertiary hospitals (69.2%) was significantly lower than that in secondary hospitals (96.4%) (χ²=16.397,P＜0.001).Among 1 031 cases of hepatitis C virus nucleic acid positive that detected from the laboratory,480 cases were not reported to the infectious disease report information management system.The overall missing report rate of hepatitis C virus nucleic acid positive cases was 46.6%.The missing report rate in tertiary hospitals (49.7%) was significantly higher than that in secondary hospitals (2.9%) (χ²=57.639,P＜0.001).The reporting accuracy rate of hepatitis C virus nucleic acid positive cases was 91.7% (505/551),with a significantly higher rate in tertiary hospitals (92.5%) than that in secondary hospitals (85.3%) (χ²=4.098,P=0.043). Conclusion The reporting quality of hepatitis C cases in some medical institutions of Anhui Province is not high.It is necessary to strengthen the training and assessment on diagnosis criteria and reporting of hepatitis C in medical institutions to reduce misreporting and underreporting of hepatitis C.