Objective To analyze the screening data of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Anqing City from January 2016 to December 2020,and to understand the occurrence and outcome of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism. Methods The level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in heel peripheral blood of newborns collected at 72 hours after birth in Anqing City from 2016 to 2020 was detected by time-resolved fluorescence method.Then,the venous blood of those with positive screening results was collected to detect the levels of serum TSH,FT3 and FT4,so as to diagnose CH. Results From 2016 to 2020,there were 171 613 live births in Anqing City,and 170 313 cases were screened for neonatal diseases.The screening coverage rate showed an upward trend year by year,and the total screening rate was 99.24% (χ²_trend =502.602,P<0.001).In addition,2 597 suspected positive cases were found in CH screening,and a total of 2 580 suspected positive cases were recalled.The total detection rate of suspected positive cases in CH screening was 1.52%.119 cases of CH were detected,the average incidence rate of CH was 6.99/10 000,and the incidence rate of CH in male and female was 7.15/10 000 and 6.80/10 000.There was no significant difference in incidence rate of CH among neonates in different years (χ²_trend =2.136,P=0.144). Conclusion Neonatal screening is an effective method for early detection and treatment of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism.Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the health quality of the whole people.