Objective To understand the level of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Bengbu City,and to explore the factors affecting myopia. Methods A multi-stage stratified simple random sampling method was used to select students from 11 primary and secondary schools in Bengbu City for vision screening and questionnaire surveys.The influencing factors of students’ myopia were analyzed using a logistic regression analysis model. Results For high school students,junior high school students,and elementary school students in grades 4~6,myopia rates decreased in that order.Urban students had higher myopia rates than suburban county students,and female students had higher myopia rates than male students.All differences were statistically significant (P＜0.001).Statistically significant influencing factors different in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logitic regression analysis.Gender was used as a control variable.Common factors affecting myopia in males and females included outdoor activity for less than 1 hour (OR_male=2.504,OR_female=2.750),not doing eye exercises at school (OR_male =1.905,OR_female=2.261),attending extracurricular classes (OR_male=1.427,OR_female=1.492),using eyes for more than 30 minutes without rest (OR_male ＞1.000,OR_female＞1.000),lack of sleep (OR_male=2.529,OR_female=2.654),and one or both parents being myopia (OR＞1.000).The use of mobile electronic devices was one of the main factors affecting myopia in males (OR=1.409).When using the academic period as a control variable,insufficient outdoor activity time and myopia in one or both parents were the common myopia influencing factors in the whole school period (OR_male＞1.000,OR_female＞1.000).Moreover,the use of mobile electronic devices (OR=1.335),not doing eye exercises at school (OR=1.750),lack of sleep (OR=1.770) and attending extracurricular classes (OR=1.661) were factors affecting myopia in primary school students.After-school homework for more than 2 hours (OR=1.500) and lack of sleep (OR=1.650) were the main factors affecting myopia in junior high school students. Conclusion The occurrence of myopia is affected by various factors.Factors influencing myopia differ among students of different grades and genders,and relevant interventions should be targeted.