Objective To investigate the knowledge,attitude and behavior of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment among college students in Yunnan Province,and to provide scientific basis for health education of pulmonary TB prevention and treatment. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select students from a college in Yunnan as the survey respondents.A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct a face-to-face survey of students to investigate their knowledge,attitude and behavior of pulmonary TB prevention and treatment. Results 1 200 questionnaires were distributed and 1 159 valid questionnaires were collected.The total awareness rate of pulmonary TB prevention and treatment knowledge was 62.06%.The positive attitude rate was 65.56%,and the correct behavior rate was 51.50%.The overall awareness rate of eight core information of liberal arts students (12.46%) was significantly higher than that of science students (8.43%).And the higher the grade,the higher the awareness rate.The awareness rates of freshmen,sophomores and juniors were 8.14%,9.69% and 13.54%,respectively.The main ways for students to obtain knowledge about pulmonary TB prevention and treatment were WeChat,microblog,other new media (86.23%) and TV news (67.31%),and followed by the familiar population (62.27%). Conclusion Limited knowledge,attitude and behavior of pulmonary TB prevention and treatment is found among college students in Yunnan Province.Therefore,the school should carry out targeted multi-channel,multi-format and effective pulmonary TB health education efforts to improve the current situation of college students' knowledge,attitude and behavior towards pulmonary TB prevention and treatment.