Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8-10 years in Anhui Province,and to explore the relationship between thyroid volume and age,height and weight. Methods Firstly,four counties (two mountain counties and two plain counties) were selected in Anhui Province.Then,according to the requirements of the national iodine deficiency disease monitoring program,stratified multi-stage sampling method was adopted to select one primary school from east,west,north,south and middle in each county.Finally,40 children aged 8 to 10 were selected from each primary school.Their urine samples were collected at random once,and their height,weight and thyroid volume were measured,so as to analyze the relationship between gender,age,height,weight and body mass index (BMI) and thyroid volumetam. Results A total of 800 children aged 8-10 years were investigated.The median of urinary iodine was 247.2 μg/L,and the proportion of urinary iodine less than 100 μg/L and greater than 300 μg/L were 7.4% and 33.5%,respectively.Goiter was found in 23 children,with a rate of 2.9% (23/800),and 2.8%,4.6% and 1.1% in the 8,9 and 10 year groups,respectively.Thyroid volume increased with the increase of age,height,weight and BMI in children.And the differences in thyroid volume of children of different age (F=26.738,P＜ 0.001),height (P< 0.05),weight (P< 0.05) and BMI (P<0.05) were statistically significant.Age,height and weight of children were simply correlated with thyroid volume,while the weight and height were partially correlated with thyroid volume. Conclusion The iodine nutrition of children aged 8 to 10 years in Anhui province exceeded the appropriate level and the goiter rate was low.The age,height and weight of children were the influencing factors of thyroid volume.