Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and etiological composition of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in Chuzhou City,so as to provide scientific basis for control strategy and early warning of HFMD. Methods The throat or anal swab samples from clinically diagnosed cases of HFMD were collected.The enterovirus were detected by Real-time PCR (qPCR).Then the pathogenic characteristics of HFMD were analyzed in the last two years. Results A total of 885 HFMD samples were collected from 2018 to 2019,with the positive rate of EV nucleic acid of 72.88% (645/885).The composition ratios of CVA16,EV71 and other EVs were 35.35%,3.57% and 61.08% respectively.The dominant virus types were mainly other EVs in 2018 and CVA16 and other EVs in 2019.There were two peaks in positive rate of EV,with the most positive samples from April to June,accounting for 55.04% (355/645).The positive detection rate of EV was statistically significant in different counties (χ²=74.512,P<0.001).The highest and lowest positive rates were in Langya district (89.58%,86/96) and Lai'an county (46.74%,43/92) respectively.Children aged 0~4 years old had the most EV positive samples,accounting for 73.59% (574/780).The highest positive rate of anal swabs was in the 0 year-old age group (95.45%,21/22).Positive EV specimens were mainly concentrated in the first to fifth days after the onset of disease,with the highest positive detection rate on the third day after the onset of disease. Conclusion The dominant pathogen types of HFMD in Chuzhou City had changed from 2018 to 2019,and the positive rate was affected by many factors.It is necessary to strengthen the quality control of samples and expand the scope of enterovirus monitoring.