Objective To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of Leptospirosis by analyzing the infection status of leptospira in rodents in Wuping County from 2018 to 2020. Methods The rodents were capture by cages.Specific antibodies in rodent serum were detected by microscope agglutination test and serogroup typing was performed.Real-time PCR was used to detect the leptospira in rat kidney tissues. Results From 2018 to 2020,428 rodents were captured in Wuping County.The dominant rodents were Rattus losea,Niviventer fulvescens and Rattus tanezumi.180 rodent serum samples were detected with a positive rate of 43.89%.There was no statistically significant difference in the positivity rate between years (χ²=1.063,P=0.588).Java serotype was the main serotype,accounting for 82.28%.150 rodent kidney samples were detected by Real-time PCR,of which 66 were positive with a positive rate of 44.00%.The difference in nucleic acid positivity rate between years was not statistically significant (χ²=1.939,P=0.379).A total of 6 strains of leptospira were isolated,with a detection rate of 2.09%,and all the strains were Java serotype. Conclusion Leptospirosis is prevalent in rodents in Wuping County.The carrying rate of leptospira in dominant rodents is high and the serum antibody level is on the rise.Surveillance and control of Leptospira should be further strengthened.