Objective To understand the community residents’ willingness and influencing factors to cooperate with telephone epidemiological survey in Ezhou City,so as to provide guidance for the selection of work methods for the epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19 and other major infectious diseases in an emergency state. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 450 community residents in Ezhou City.Residents' willingness to cooperate with telephone epidemiological surveys of COVID-19 infected persons conducted by professional institutions and their influencing factors were investigated.The χ² test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of community residents' willingness to cooperate with telephone epidemiological survey. Results 77.11% (374 /450) of the community residents were willing to cooperate with the telephone epidemiological survey.The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that who were 25 years old or younger (OR=5.250,95%CI:1.660-16.607),had college education or higher (OR= 4.221,95%CI:1.620-10.999),had an occupation as an institution worker (OR= 6.906,95% CI:2.452-19.452) and had a better understanding of telephone epidemiological survey (OR=4.666,95% CI:2.301-9.459) were more willing to conduct telephone epidemiological survey. Conclusion Most community residents in Ezhou City are willing to cooperate with the telephone epidemiological survey of the COVID-19.Their willingness to cooperate is affected not only by their own demographic characteristics,but also by their understanding of the telephone epidemiological survey.