Objective To assess the infectious diseases and public health emergencies of Anhui Province needs to pay attention to in 2023.To put forward risk management suggestions and provide scientific basis for disease control work. Methods The evaluation data comes from the monitoring data of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System in the past five years.The expert consultation method is used to screen risk assessment topics,and the expert consultation method is used to conduct risk identification,risk analysis and risk evaluation. Results All cities in Anhui Province need to pay attention to new coronavirus infection,influenza,human avian influenza,cholera,hand-foot-and-mouth disease,norovirus infection,bacterial dysentery,fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,leptospirosis,scrub worms,epidemic hemorrhagic fever,brucellosis,dengue fever,chickenpox,measles and foodborne disease outbreaks,mushroom poisoning incidents,carbon monoxide poisoning incidents,high temperature heat stroke events in 2023.Infectious diseases or events have different risk levels in different months and different cities. Conclusion All cities in Anhui province need to make health emergency preparations focusing on infectious diseases or events in different months of 2023.Joint prevention and control mechanisms should be improved,prevention and control measures should be implemented.