Objective To understand the knowledge and protective behaviors related to COVID-19 among primary school,secondary school and university students in Guiyang City,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in schools. Methods In September 2020,19 schools from 3 districts of Guiyang City were selected by stratified random sampling method.A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the knowledge and protective behaviors related to COVID-19 among 5 330 students from the fourth grade of primary school to the third grade of university. Results The knowledge awareness rate of COVID-19 transmission through respiratory tract and close contact among students in Guiyang City was 89.5% (4 768/5 330) and 79.5% (4 237/5 330),respectively.The percentages of students in Guiyang City who persisted in class when they had symptoms such as fever were statistically significant in different regions (χ²=25.937,P<0.001),in different learning stages (χ²=149.524,P<0.001) and whether they lived in school or not (χ²=9.996,P=0.007).During the COVID-19 prevention and control period,98.5% of the students were able to wear masks in crowded places.When coughing and sneezing in public places,56.1% of vocational high school students and 57.3% of university students behaved correctly.The percentages of vocational high school and university students washing their hands every time when they go home (dormitory) after going out were 29.9% and 35.1%,respectively. Conclusion The awareness rate of COVID-19 related knowledge among primary school,secondary school and university students in Guiyang City is high,but the compliance of protective behaviors is uneven.School health education should be carried out according to the weak situation of students with different characteristics.