Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable diseases in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2021,and to explore the changes in the incidence of notifiable diseases during the implementation of prevention and control measures for COVID-19. Methods The incidence data of notifiable diseases in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2021 was extracted from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results From 2017 to 2021,the average annual incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Anhui was 613.72/100 000,with an average annual mortality rate of 0.69/100 000.The average annual incidence of class B and C notifiable diseases were 231.10/100 000 and 382.62/100 000,respectively.The incidence of the former showed a fluctuating upward trend (χ²_trend=1 073.284,P<0.001),while the latter showed a general downward trend (χ²_trend=38 886.191,P<0.001).The number and incidence of respiratory infectious diseases decreased significantly in 2021 compared with the average in 2020 and 2017-2019.In 2021,the cities with high incidence were Huangshan,Xuancheng and Ma’anshan.And the diseases with higher reported incidence were other infectious diarrheal diseases,viral hepatitis B and hand,foot and mouth disease.Outbreak reporting events in 2020 were dominated by the COVID-19 (45.61%).Outbreaks in 2017-2019 and 2021 were dominated by influenza,other infectious diarrheal diseases,and hand,foot,and mouth disease. Conclusion Under the normalized prevention and control situation of the COVID-19,the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Anhui Province in 2021 is significantly reduced.Measures such as scientific wearing of masks,maintaining appropriate social distance,and strengthening health surveillance in schools are effective in inhibiting the spread of infectious diseases,providing reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the future.