Objective To analyze the epidemiological survey data of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and understand the epidemiological characteristics, possibility of early detection, and transmission factors of SFTS. Methods According to the case information and epidemiological investigation data of SFTS in Chaohu City in the "Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System" of "Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System", SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of SFTS, and the possibility of early detection was identified according to the medical situation and clinical characteristics of cases. Results From 2018 to 2022, 152 SFTS cases were reported in Chaohu City, with an average annual incidence rate of 3.96/100 000 and an average annual case fatality rate of 22.37%.48.03% of cases were first diagnosed in grassroots medical institutions, with multiple systemic manifestations of clinical symptoms.All cases were confirmed in municipal medical institutions, with limited human-to-human transmission and hidden infection.The cases mainly occurred from April to October (150 cases, accounting for 98.68%), and the incidence peak was concentrated from April to July and October, with cases occurring in all townships (streets) of the city.Farmers over 60 years old were the main population of SFTS incidence and death.Elderly people with basic diseases had an increased risk of death after being infected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV).Tick bites or a history of field activity were risk factors for infection. Conclusion The incidence of SFTS in Chaohu City has obvious seasonality and is highly sporadic.Elderly people over 60 years old have a high risk of death.During the high incidence season,monitoring and early warning should be strengthened to improve early detection capabilities.