Objective To understand the common species of rodents and their pathogen carriers in Huainan City,and to provide scientific basis for risk assessment,prediction and early warning of rodent-borne diseases. Methods From September 2021 to March 2022,peanuts were used as bait to catch rats in rural residential areas,key industries (construction sites),farmland and other habitats in three districts of Huainan City by night trapping method.After identifying the species of the captured rodents,liver,lung,spleen and kidney tissue samples were collected by aseptic dissection,a total of 100 tissue samples were collected.Fluorescent PCR method was used to detect the four pathogens of phagocytic aplastic,leptospira,hantavirus and new-burnia virus. Results A total of 8 038 clips were placed at the three monitoring points,and 100 rodents were captured,with a capture rate of 1.24％,including Mus musculus,Mus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus,accounting for 62.00％,29.00％ and 9.00％,respectively.The capture rate of different habitats is key industries (1.81％)>rural residential areas (1.69％)>urban residential areas (0.71％)>farmland (0.35％).Among the 100 tissue samples,13 were positive for Hantavirus,the identified genotype was Seoul type,2 were positive for Leptospira,and no phagocytic aplasia and Neobunia virus were detected.Two Mus musculus had mixed infection of hantavirus and leptospira,and the mixed infection rate was 2.00％. Conclusion Mus musculus and Mus norvegicus are the dominant species of rodents in Huainan City,they can cause hantavirus,leptospirosis infection and mixed infection,as well as may cause the spread of natural epidemic-derived diseases.It is suggested that the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases need to be further strengthened.