Objective To assess the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in Jingxian County after flood disasters,so as to provide a basis for formulating accurate prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods From March to November 2021,1 026 existing oncomelania environments,suspected oncomelania breeding environments,and historical oncomelania environments were investigated.The area,number,live oncomelania density,and live oncomelania frame occurrence rate of oncomelania environments and reoccurring oncomelania environments were analyzed.The human activities,wild fecal detection,and schistosomiasis infection in domestic animals were investigated.The prevalence of schistosomiasis in 10 000 residents over 6 years of age in schistosomiasis endemic areas was collected by cluster sampling to comprehensively assess the risk of schistosomiasis transmission after flood disasters. Results After the flood disaster in Jingxian County in July 2020,the number of oncomelania villages increased by 1,the number of oncomelanial environments increased by 8,and the oncomelania area increased by 4.00 hm² in 2021.33 063 live oncomelanias were captured,no positive oncomelanias were found,and the average density of live oncomelanias was 0.33 /0.11m².The incidence rate of oncomelania points in 2020 and 2021 was 30.83% and 22.81%,respectively (χ²=14.258,P<0.001).The incidence of oncomelania frame was 15.47% and 10.53%,respectively (χ²=1 063.349,P<0.001).20 samples of wild feces were detected,no schistosome eggs were detected.948 samples of cow feces and 109 samples of sheep feces were collected,no schistosome eggs were detected.Blood tests were conducted on 10 600 people,with a positive rate of 1.17%.737 people were tested for feces,but no miracidium or insect eggs were detected. Conclusion Flood disasters have led the spread of oncomelania,although no positive oncomelania or human infections have been found,it has increased the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.