Objective To analyze the awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge among rural residents in Wanzhou District of Chongqing City,and to provide targeted decision-making basis for improving tuberculosis prevention and control awareness and theoretical level of rural residents. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to investigate the core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and control among 405 permanent residents randomly selected from rural areas of Wanzhou District.χ²test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.The awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge and its influencing factors were analyzed among survey respondents of different genders,ages,education levels,occupations,household registration and whether they had received tuberculosis health education. Results A total of 405 questionnaires were distributed in this survey,and 400 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 98.77%.Among 400 valid questionnaires,the awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge reached 84.20%.The lower awareness rate were among those elderly aged 65 and above (73.76%),primary school and below (78.42%),agricultural workers (83.10%),and those who had never received health education (75.52%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aged 65 and above (OR=0.182,95%CI:0.034-0.965) was the risk factor for the awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge among rural residents in Wanzhou District.And previous education on tuberculosis (OR=3.231,95%CI:1.709-6.108) was the promotion factor. Conclusion Although tuberculosis health education among rural residents in Wanzhou District of Chongqing City has achieved certain results,the awareness rate of the elderly over 65 years old and those who have never received tuberculosis education is relatively low.For the above key groups,their favorite publicity methods and publicity activities using easy-to-understand publicity materials and language should be adopted to further improve the awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge.