Objective To understand the current situation of prevention and control of infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools and nursery institutions in Awati County,Aksu Prefecture in 2022,and to provide reference for prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools. Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 47 primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Awati County.The data were collected through on-site data retrieval and interviews with the principals of infectious disease prevention and control in schools and school health workers.SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results Among 47 primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Awati County,the proportion of school health workers was 78.72% (37/47),the proportion of morning and afternoon inspection was 95.74% (45/47), the proportion of tracing and registering the causes of absenteeism due to illness was 91.49% (43/47), and the proportion of returning infectious disease patients to school management was 53.19% (25/47).The proportion of health workers in county and township institutions (94.44%,17/18) was higher than that in village institutions (68.97%,20/29) (χ²=2.918,P =0.088).The proportion of county and township institutions establishing a vaccine detection and replacement system (73.33%,11/18) was higher than that of village institutions (51.72%,15/29) (χ²=1.120,P =0.290).The proportion of patients recovering from infectious diseases returning to school (77.78%,14/18) in county and township primary and secondary schools and nursery institutions was higher than that in village primary and secondary schools and nursery institutions (37.93%,11/29) (χ²=5.573,P =0.018). Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the construction of the health staff team in primary and secondary schools and daycare institutions in Awati County,and implement the relevant systems for infectious disease prevention and control at the village level.