Objective To explore the impact of different sterilization methods on the cytotoxicity evaluation results of four medical devices or materials. Methods The extraction method and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method were used to determine the cytotoxicity of four commonly used medical devices and materials [disposable medical masks,disposable multifunctional surgical dissectors (forceps),injection freeze-drying chlorinated butyl rubber stoppers,and disposable infusion sets] after different sterilization methods (ultraviolet irradiation sterilization,high-temperature and humid heat sterilization,and ethylene oxide sterilization). Results The disposable medical masks,disposable multifunctional surgical dissectors (forceps),and injection chlorinated butyl rubber stoppers all had a cytotoxicity grade of 1 under three sterilization conditions,and the cell survival rates were all above 70%.The cytotoxicity grade of disposable infusion sets under ultraviolet irradiation sterilization and high-temperature and humid heat sterilization methods was grade 1,and the cell survival rate was greater than 70%.Under the condition of ethylene oxide sterilization,the cytotoxicity grade was 2,and the cell survival rate was less than 70%. Conclusion The sterilization method of medical devices or materials can affect the determination of their cytotoxicity results.Depending on the physical and chemical properties of the product and the different materials,an appropriate sterilization method should be selected.Cytotoxicity tests must be carried out in accordance with the characteristics of the product or its clinical sterilization method.Especially for equipment products with multiple components,materials,and involving various additives.