Objective To understand the current situation of health literacy of urban and rural residents in Wanshan District,Guizhou Province,and provide a basis for carrying out health education and formulating health-related policies. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted based on the population aged 15-69 from 6 towns (streets) in Wanshan District by using a stratified multi-stage sampling method.Statistical analysis was analyzed by SPSS 27.0. Results In 2022,the general health literacy level of the residents in Wanshan District was 27.6% (113/506),whereas the urban residents had a higher level of health literacy than that of the rural residents (χ²=16.970,P<0.001).Moreover,the residents under 45 years old had a higher level of health literacy than that of those aged 45 and above (χ²=68.957,P<0.001).Residents with college/bachelor's degree or above had a higher level of health literacy than that of people with high school or below (χ²=80.641,P<0.001).Three aspects of health literacy of the residents in Wanshan District were basic health knowledge and concepts (43.3%),healthy lifestyle and behavior (31.4%),and basic skills (25.1%),respectively.Six types of health issues were scientific health concept (64.8%),safety and first aid (62.9%),chronic disease prevention and control (44.9%),health information (40.6%),basic medical care (29.9%),and infectious disease prevention and control (21.1%),respectively. Conclusion The health literacy level of the residents in Wanshan District is relatively low.It is necessary to strengthen health education in basic skills,infectious disease prevention and control,and basic medical care.