Objective To understand the epidemic trends and characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Yichun City and to provide basis for formulating scientific prevention and control strategies. Methods The number of reported cases and population data of bacillary dysentery in Yichun City from 2012 to 2021 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on the incidence of bacillary dysentery.ArcGIS 10.4 was used to map the spatial distribution of the disease. Results From 2012 to 2021,the annual reported incidence rate of bacillary dysentery in Yichun city was 9.32/100 000,showing a downward trend.The sex ratio of male to female was 1.41∶1,with the highest number of cases reported in children aged 0 to 3 years (30.14%).Farmers accounted for the largest number of cases (44.87%).The peak of the incidence was from May to October.There were case reports in the whole city from 2012 to 2021,with the highest average annual incidence reported in Shanggao County (25.96/100 000),followed by Tonggu County (17.35/100 000) and Zhangshu City (14.63/100 000),respectively.As a whole,the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Yichun City was mainly concentrated in the western,southern and northeastern parts of the county,with lower incidence in the central,southeastern and southwestern counties. Conclusion The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Yichun City shows a downward trend with obvious epidemic characteristics.