Objective The epidemic characteristics and incidence trends of statutory infectious diseases in Shou County,Anhui Province from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed,and the main types of infectious diseases in Shou County were understood and mastered,so as to provide a basis for scientific and precise prevention and control. Methods Using Excel 2007 and SPSS 25.0 software,a descriptive analysis was conducted on the incidence,mortality,and epidemic characteristics of statutory infectious diseases reported in the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System in Shou County from 2018 to 2022. Results A total of 17 850 cases of 23 legal infectious diseases were reported in Shou County from 2018 to 2022,with an average annual incidence rate of 369.44/100 000,and the overall incidence rate was on the decline(χ²_trend=99.689,P<0.001).The highest number of cases of respiratory infectious diseases was 6 415 (35.94%).The top five diseases were hepatitis B,influenza,tuberculosis,hand-foot-mouth disease and other infectious diarrhea diseases.Farmers (41.99%) and scattered children (23.27%) were the main cases.The incidence of male was higher than that of female,and there was a statistically significant difference between the two sexes (χ²= 760.761,P<0.001).The incidence of urban residents was significantly higher than that of rural residents,and the incidence of double peak occurred in July and August and December to January of the following year.From 2018 to 2022,there were 17 deaths due to statutory infectious diseases,with an average annual mortality rate of 0.35/100 000.The main cause of death was AIDS (14 cases,82.35%). Conclusion Hepatitis B,influenza,tuberculosis,hand-foot-mouth disease,other infectious diarrheal diseases and AIDS are the major infectious diseases to be prevented and controlled in Shou County in recent years.Targeted prevention and control strategies and measures should be taken to effectively prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of notifiable infectious diseases.