Objective To understand the monitoring results of urinary iodine in children aged 8-10 and pregnant women in Dingyuan County,Anhui Province,and provide scientific basis for formulating measures to improve iodine nutrition. Methods From 2021 to 2023,one township (town,street) randomly selected from each of the five geographical directions of east,west,south,north,and middle in Dingyuan County each year.40 children aged 8-10 and 20 pregnant women were randomly selected from each township (town,street) as survey subjects.Urine samples were collected from survey subjects to detect urinary iodine content,the median urinary iodine was calculated,and iodine nutrition status was evaluated. Results A total of 600 children aged 8-10 and 300 pregnant women were surveyed in Dingyuan County from 2021 to 2023.The median urinary iodine level among 600 children aged 8-10 years old was 297.27 μg/L,of which 28 (4.67%) were below 100 μg/L,98 (16.33%) were between 100-199 μg/L,182 (30.33%) were between 200-299 μg/L,and 292 (48.67%) were above 300 μg/L.The median urinary iodine levels for children aged 8-10 in Dingyuan County from 2021 to 2023 were 300.44,258.60,and 346.32 μg/L,respectively,with statistically significant differences (H=48.269,P<0.001).The median urinary iodine level among 300 pregnant women was 223.13 μg/L,of which 74 (24.67%) were below 150 μg/L,104 (34.67%) were between 150-249 μg/L,114 (38.00%) were between 250-499 μg/L,and 8 (2.67%) were above 500 μg/L.The median urinary iodine levels of pregnant women in Dingyuan County from 2021 to 2023 were 215.03,167.22,and 284.02 μg/L,respectively,with statistically significant differences (H=37.407,P<0.001). Conclusion Children aged 8-10 and pregnant women in Dingyuan County are at risk of iodine deficiency and exceeding the appropriate amount of iodine.