Objective To investigate the current myopia status among primary and secondary school students in urban areas of Ma′anshan City in 2023,analyze the possible factors affecting myopia,and provide scientific evidences for the formulation of myopia prevention policies among primary and secondary school students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified cluster sampling method to select a total of 2 519 students from nine urban primary and secondary schools.Visual acuity testing and a questionnaire survey on myopia status were conducted,and factors influencing myopia were analyzed. Results The average rate of screening myopia from the fourth grade of primary school to the third grade of senior high school was 67.2%,64.8% for boys and 69.7% for girls.Rate of screening myopia was associated with sleep time,continuous study time,use of eyes protection lamp during study,outdoor activities,picky eating,and studying posture,etc.Multifactorial binary logistic regression analysis indicated that male (OR=0.780,95%CI:0.650-0.936),longer sleep duration (OR=0.785,95%CI:0.618-0.997) were protective factors for myopia in students.Middle school(OR=2.044,95%CI:1.612-2.592) and high school students (OR=3.661,95%CI:2.669-5.022),short distance between eyes and book during studying (OR=1.392,95%CI:1.109-1.748),father or mother with myopia (OR=1.999,95%CI:1.437-2.780),both parents with myopia (OR=2.084,95%CI:1.358-3.197) were risk factors for myopia. Conclusion The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students is relatively high in Ma′anshan City,the occurrence of myopia is affected by a variety of factors.Active and effective comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to control myopia among primary and secondary school students.