Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of occupational diseases in Anhui Province,and propose response strategies for occupational prevention and control. Methods The information of newly emerging occupational disease cases in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2023 was downloaded from the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the basic situation of 3 389 cases and the distribution of occupational disease types between different years,regions,industries,economic types,and enterprise sizes.Jointpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) of newly emerging occupational disease cases. Results A total of 3 389 new cases of occupational diseases were reported in Anhui Province from 2014 to 2023.The top three diseases with the highest number of cases were occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (2 807 cases),occupational ear,nose,throat,and oral diseases (219 cases),and occupational chemical poisoning (156 cases),accounting for 82.83%,6.45%,and 4.60%,respectively.From the perspective of time distribution,the number of newly emerging occupational disease cases in Anhui Province showed a downward trend from 2014 to 2023,with an APC of -8.48% (95% CI:-14.11%~-2.37%).From a regional distribution perspective,the top three areas with newly emerging occupational disease cases were Huainan City (921 cases),Huaibei City (717 cases),and Tongling City (346 cases),accounting for 27.18%,21.16%,and 10.21%,respectively.From the perspective of industry distribution,the newly emerging occupational disease cases were mainly concentrated in the mining industry (2 221 cases),accounting for 65.53%,followed by the manufacturing industry (576 cases),accounting for 17.00%.From the distribution of economic types,the newly emerging occupational disease cases were mainly concentrated in domestic enterprises (3 096 cases),accounting for 91.35%.The top three types of enterprises with the highest number of cases were state-owned enterprises (1 601 cases),private enterprises (706 cases),and joint-stock limited companies (618 cases),accounting for 47.24%,20.83%,and 18.24%,respectively.From the perspective of enterprise size distribution,newly emerging occupational disease cases were mainly concentrated in large enterprises (2 123 cases),followed by medium-sized enterprises (396 cases) and small enterprises (394 cases),accounting for 62.64%,11.68%,and 11.63%,respectively. Conclusion The reported cases of occupational diseases in Anhui Province are showing a downward trend,and pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases are still the main occupational diseases.Targeted prevention and control measures should be formulated for different industries and economic types of enterprises.