Objective To analyze the examination results of external quality assessment (EQA) of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in Anhui Province,so as to provide data support for improving laboratory testing quality. Methods The qualitative results of EQA samples of high,medium,and low concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing by laboratories in disease prevention and control institutions using real-time fluorescence RT-PCR method were collected,and the pass rate was calculated.The detection personnel,equipment,reagents and Ct value were analyzed. Results From 2021 to 2023,Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) organized five EQA of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in the whole province.The qualification rates of the first three EQAs were all 100.00%,and the qualification rates of the last two EQAs were all 99.14%.85.35% of the EQAs in CDC laboratories were jointly completed by three individuals.The real-time fluorescent RT-PCR nucleic acid detection reagents used in laboratories at all levels involved 15 brands.The SD value of SARS-CoV-2 ORF and N gene Ct value detected by the top five reagents used for five EQAs was 0.80~5.60. Conclusion The quality of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in the disease control and prevention institutions of Anhui Province is good.Using quality control products for quality control can verify the performance of the detection system and effectively identify laboratory risks.