Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among students in vocational colleges in Guiyang,and to provide a scientific basis for promoting the mental health development of college students. Methods In 2022,a psychological health survey was conducted in college students from two vocational colleges in Guiyang.The detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were calculated.Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 27.0,and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression and anxiety. Results A total of 11 373 college students in vocational colleges were surveyed.Altogether 5 007 people were detected with depressive symptoms,with a detection rate of 44.03%,and 3 167 people were detected with anxiety symptoms,with a detection rate of 27.85%.Female (OR=1.572,95%CI:1.437-1.791),lower academic performance (OR=2.144,95%CI:1.771-2.595),not getting along well with teachers (OR=4.332,95%CI:3.030-6.193),not getting along well with family members (OR=3.464,95%CI:2.373-5.058),relatives such as parents suffering from psychological or mental diseases (OR=1.765,95%CI:1.247-2.497),and major stressful events in the family in the past year (OR=1.754,95%CI:1.559-1.972) were risk factors for the occurrence of depressive symptoms.Good family economic status (OR=0.452,95%CI:0.376-0.542) was a protective factor for the occurrence of depressive symptoms.Female (OR=1.383,95%CI:1.256-1.522),lower academic performance (OR=1.586,95%CI:1.306-1.926),not getting along well with teachers (OR=4.296,95%CI:3.091-5.971),not getting along well with family members (OR=2.844,95%CI:2.025-3.994),relatives such as parents suffering from psychological or mental diseases (OR=1.739,95%CI:1.249-2.423),and major stressful events in the family in the past year (OR=1.598,95%CI:1.419-1.800) were risk factors for the occurrence of anxiety symptoms.Good family economic status (OR=0.414,95%CI:0.341-0.503) was a protective factor for the occurrence of anxiety symptoms. Conclusion The detection rates of depression and anxiety symptoms among college students in two vocational colleges in Guiyang are relatively high.Education and health departments,as well as families should pay full attention.Through multi-party cooperation and in view of the possible influencing factors of depression and anxiety emotions,comprehensive measures should be taken to promote the mental health development of college students.