Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Anxi County,Fujian Province from 2010 to 2023,thus to provide basis for prevention and control of varicella outbreaks. Methods The data of reported varicella cases in Anxi County from 2010 to 2023 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological approach. Results There were 3 204 reported cases of varicella in Anxi County from 2010 to 2023,with an annual reporting incidence rate of 19.40/100 000.No severe cases or deaths were reported,and no public health emergencies were reported.The lowest incidence rate was reported in 2015 (6.16/100 000),and the highest incidence rate was reported in 2021 (44.40/100 000).There was a trend difference in the incidence rate (${X}_{trend}^{2}$=647.388,P<0.001),with an increasing trend from 2010 to 2021 (${X}_{trend}^{2}$=758.654,P<0.001) and a decreasing trend from 2021 to 2023 (${X}_{trend}^{2}$=92.377,P<0.001).From a temporal distribution perspective,the peak incidence occurred in May-July of every year (29.49%,945 cases) and November to January of the following year (40.86%,1 309 cases).From a regional perspective,the reported cases were mainly in Chengxiang Town (666 cases,20.79%) and Fengcheng Town (530 cases,16.54%) of the central urban area.From the gender distribution perspective,the reported cases of varicella were predominantly male (1 881 cases,58.71%),the ratio of male to female cases was 1.42∶1,and the overall incidence rate of male (21.20/100 000) was higher than that of female (17.13/100 000),the difference was statistically significant (χ²=35.293,P<0.001).From the age distribution perspective,the top three age groups with the highest number of varicella cases were 5-9 years old (936 cases),0-4 years old (569 cases),and 10-14 years old (551 cases),respectively,accounting for 29.21%,17.76% and 17.20% of the total reported cases.The occupation distribution was predominantly in students (1 378 cases),accounting for 43.01% of the total reported cases. Conclusion The varicella outbreak in Anxi County exhibits a bimodal distribution,with high incidence in students.The coverage rate of varicella vaccination for key populations should be increased,and active surveillance for varicella should be strengthened.