Objective To compare the composition of professional talent teams in health education institutions in Anhui Province between 2013 and 2023, providing a scientific basis for capacity building. Methods Information on health education institutions and professionals at all levels in Anhui Province was collected through questionnaire surveys, and SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze and compare the status and changes of health education professionals in Anhui Province between 2013 and 2023. Results In 2023, there were 119 health education institutions established in Anhui Province, an increase of 46 from 2013, with 83 institutions staffed by health education professionals.The main business functions of health administrative departments in 2023 were primarily under the Disease Control Department (Section) and Propaganda Department (Section) (48.74% and 29.41%), whereas in 2013, they were mainly under the Women's and Children's Health Department (Section) and Disease Control Department (Section) (38.36% and 35.62%).In 2023, there were a total of 171 health education professionals in the province, an increase of 11 from 2013; the gender ratio in 2023 was 0.63∶1,reversing from 1.42∶1 in 2013; in 2023, the proportions of individuals aged ≤30 years and 41-50 years were higher (28.65% and 28.07%), while in 2013, those aged 31-40 years and 41-50 years had higher proportions (34.38%, 31.25%);in terms of years of service, the highest proportion in 2023 was ≤5 years (61.40%), compared to 38.75% in 2013;the highest level of education remained primarily bachelor's and associate degrees, accounting for 64.33% and 21.05%,respectively,in 2023,and 38.13% and 38.75%,respectively,in 2013; the primary field of study was preventive medicine, accounting for 33.33% in 2023 and 24.38% in 2013, with professional technical titles predominantly at the junior and intermediate levels, both accounting for 36.26% in 2023, compared to 41.25% and 31.88% in 2013. Conclusion The composition of full-time staff in health education institutions in Anhui Province has shown trends towards younger age, shorter average working duration, and an overall decline in professional titles, making it challenging to meet the higher demands of health development.Continuous capacity building for health education professionals would be necessary to enhance the quality of dedicated health education personnel.