Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) and its associated factors in Anhui Province. Methods Data on pregnant women who had terminated their pregnancies were collected in 18 critical maternal monitoring hospitals in Anhui Province from 2019 to 2021,based on the National Critical Maternal Hospital Monitoring Information Direct Reporting System.Multivariate logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze factors associated with DIP. Results A total of 173 594 pregnant and postpartum women were included,and 22 610 cases of DIP were detected,with a prevalence rate of 13.02%.From 2019 to 2021,the prevalence rates of DIP were 10.51%,12.20%,and 17.15%,respectively,showed an increasing trend year by year (χ${ }_{trend}^{2}$=1 085.327,P<0.001).The highest prevalence rate of DIP was observed in Central Anhui (15.58%),followed by Southern Anhui (11.06%),and Northern Anhui (8.81%).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors positively associated with DIP in pregnant women were residing in Central Anhui (OR=1.420,95%CI: 1.345-1.500), maternal age (21-34 years old: OR=1.578,95%CI:1.401-1.777; ≥ 35 years old: OR=2.403,95%CI: 2.123-2.721), education level of junior high school or below (OR=1.085,95%CI: 1.042-1.130), number of pregnancies ≥2 (OR=1.193,95%CI: 1.155-1.233), gestational hypertension (OR=1.940,95%CI: 1.854-2.029), pregnancy with liver disease (OR=1.290,95%CI: 1.076-1.546), and pregnancy with kidney disease (OR=1.342,95%CI: 1.035-1.742). The factors negatively associated with DIP in pregnant women were residing in Northern Anhui (OR=0.735,95%CI:0.692-0.780) and pregnancy with anemia (OR=0.903,95%CI:0.876-0.931). Conclusion The prevalence of maternal DIP is relatively high in Anhui Province.Advanced maternal age,low literacy,multiple pregnancies,and comorbidities such as hypertension,liver disease,and kidney disease are risk factors for the occurrence of DIP,which should be recognized as early as possible and intervened actively.