Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory infections (ARI) pathogens in Yizheng City from 2021 to 2023,and provide a basis for prevention and control.Methods A total of 1 693 throat swab samples from ARI sentinel monitoring hospital in Yizheng City from 2021 to 2023 were selected for pathogen detection using real-time fluorescence PCR.The detection rate and composition ratio of pathogens were calculated,and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0.Results A total of 1 693 throat swab samples were tested,551 were positive for respiratory pathogens,with a positive rate of 32.55%(551/1 693).Among them,499 were infected with a single pathogen,with a positive detection rate of 29.47%,and 52 were infected with mixed pathogens,with a positive detection rate of 3.07%(52/1 693).The highest positive detection rate of influenza virus in single pathogen infection was 11.10% (188/1 693),and the highest detection rate of human rhinovirus+enterovirus dual mixed infection in mixed pathogen infection was 0.77% (13/1 693).From the perspective of time distribution,the positive detection rates of pathogens from 2021 to 2023 were 12.97%,29.18%,53.67%.respectively,with statistically significant differences (χ²=221.541,P<0.001).From the perspective of seasonal distribution,the positive detection rates of pathogens in spring,summer,autumn,and winter were 29.48%,32.59%,37.97%,and 29.35%,respectively,with statistically significant differences (χ²=9.598,P=0.022),with the highest detection rate in autumn (37.97%).From the perspective of age distribution,there was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of pathogens among different age groups (χ²=75.109,P<0.001).The age group of 15-25 had the highest positive detection rate of pathogens (50.00%),and the influenza virus detection rate was the highest in this age group,at 28.40% (46/162).From the perspective of gender distribution,the positive detection rates of pathogens in males and females were 31.49% and 33.92%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference (χ²=1.121,P=0.290).Conclusion The ARI pathogen in Yizheng City is mainly influenza virus,with a high incidence in winter.Adolescents aged 15-25 are the main infected population.