Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and vector surveillance results of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in surveillance areas of Anhui Province in 2024, and to provide scientific reference for the prevention and treatment of SFTS. Methods The data of SFTS cases in 2024 from three national surveillance sites in Anhui Province (Chaohu City, Jinzhai County, and Hanshan County) were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods. Free-living ticks and parasitic ticks were monitored by using the cloth flag method and host tick detection method, respectively. Serum samples from healthy individuals at the monitoring sites were collected to detect IgG/IgM antibodies against the Bandavirus dabieense. Serum samples from domestic and wild animals were collected, and viral nucleic acid was detected by RT-PCR, and some samples were additionally tested for antibodies by using ELISA. Results In 2024, a total of 223 SFTS cases and 3 deaths were reported at three surveillance sites, with a mortality rate of 1.35%. The oneset time showed a bimodal distribution, with the main peak from April to July and the secondary peak from September to October. Among the cases, there were 94 males and 129 females, The age was mainly over 60 years old (79.37%, 177/223), and the occupation was mainly farmers (80.27%, 179/223). A total of 308 free-living ticks were captured, all of which were Haemaphysalis longicornis (longhorned ticks), with a density of 18.7 ticks/(hour·flag). A total of 194 animals were examined, and 1 041 parasitic ticks were captured. The proportion of Haemaphysalis longicornis was 99.04%, with a parasitic tick density of 5.37 ticks/host and a density index of 10.01 ticks/host. The tick infection rate was 53.61%. Among 1 000 serum samples from healthy individuals, the positive rates of IgG and IgM were 4.60% and 3.90%, respectively. The positive rate of antibodies detected by ELISA was 5.80% (4/69). The PT-PCR and ELISA tests for the wild animal specimens were both negative. Conclusion In 2024, the incidence of SFTS in the surveillance areas of Anhui Province showed a bimodal seasonal pattern, with elderly farmers being the main affected population. The density of free-living ticks and parasitic ticks in the environment is relatively high, with Haemaphysalis longicornis being the dominant tick species. There is a certain proportion of latent infections in healthy populations and domestic animals, and comprehensive prevention and control measures need to be further strengthened.