Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles and rubella in Wuhu prefecture, so as to provide a scientific evidence for the prophylaxis and treatment of measles and rubella. Methods ELISA was utilized to detect the IgM antibody in serum samples of suspected measles and rubella cases in Wuhu prefecture in 2010-2015. Results A total of 1204 serum samples were tested in 6 years. Of them, 267 samples showed measles positive results (positive rate=22. 18%), 258 samples presented rubella positive results (positive rate=21.43 %). There were statistical differences in the positive rates of measles and rubella in different years (P<0.05). The distribution of male and female in measles cases had statistical differences (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of measles and rubella positive cases in different months (P<0.05). There were statistically differences in the proportion of measles and rubella positive cases in different age groups (P<0.05). The main peak of measles was from 3-6 months, incidence was higher in 0-1 years old and ≥16 years old. Rubella incidence peak concentrated in 4-6 months, 6-25 years age group was the main crowd. Conclusion People over the age of 16 had become the main population of measles, and adolescents was the main one of rubella in the region.