Objective To understand the epidemical characteristics of influenza virus in Anhui province,provide a scientific basis for defending influenza. Methods To analyze the data of influenza virus surveillance on influenza like illness (ILI) in Anhui province from 2010 to 2015. Results From 2010 to 2015, the positive rate of influenza virus of ILI were 9.44%, 12.83%, 8.40%, 14.95% and 13.28%, respectively. A (H1N1), seasonal H3N2 and type B influenza virus were epidemic alternately or jointly. The annual winter-spring peak will appear from January to March, and the summer peak will appear from July to September every other year. Type A influenza virus could due to the peak in both summer and winter-spring, but type B only in winter-spring. Conclusion Surveillance should be strengthened to research the epidemical characteristics of influenza. 1-3 months and 7-9 months of apear were the focus periods of influenza prevention and control in Anhui province.