Objective To understand the level of AIDS prevention knowledge and effect of behavior intervention among middle school students in Yixian county. Methods Useing cluster sampling method from November to December in 2015, a total of 697 students were selected from a junior high school in Yixian county. First of all, we carried out baseline survey about AIDS prevention and control knowledge, then,health education of AIDS prevention knowledge and dissemination of AIDS prevention knowledge propaganda materials and other interventions were carried out. At the end of the intervention and 2 weeks after the intervention, the AIDS prevention knowledge was investigated. The difference of awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control among the subjects before and after intervention was analyzed, and the effect of intervention was evaluated. Results The awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control among 697 students before intervention was 73.31%, which was increased to 96.42% at the end of the intervention, and after intervention for 2 weeks was about 95.18%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=1780, P＜0.01). Before intervention, the awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control among senior high school students was significantly higher than that of junior high school students, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=20.47, P＜0.01). Awareness of AIDS prevention and control knowledge of junior high school students in urban areas was 76.88%, of township junior high school students was 65.79%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=44.67, P＜0.01). The knowledge of AIDS prevention and control in general high school students was 80.36%, in vocational high school students was 60.52%, and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=87.28, P＜0.01). Conclusion The awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control among middle school students in Yixian County was low, which was significantly improved after intervention. Relevant departments should further strengthen the health education of AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge for middle school students, especially in the township junior high school students and vocational high school students as the focus, to increase their knowledge of AIDS prevention and control ability to improve awareness of AIDS prevention and control knowledge.