Objective To understand the status of public health service resources allocation and prevention and control of infectious diseases in primary medical and health institutions in Wuhu, and to determine the degree of population and geographical distribution. Methods A survey was conducted to learn the current status of the primary health institutions of public health services resource, vaccinations, infectious disease reporting, health supervision assist and so on in Wuhu. The equalization was calculated by Gini coefficient according to the population and geography information. Results 305 institutions had a total of 3,690 staff members, and 737 full-time public health service staff members, covering a population of 3,124,000 people and the geographical area of 3606.2 km2. The average area of agencies building was 724.6m2. The rate of common equipment types was 65.5%, the vaccine of vaccination rate up to 90% was only three doses in the six doses survey vaccine. The rate of infectious disease reporting was 98.1% and the rate of timely reporting was 99.5%. The information reporting rate of health supervision assist was 97.6% in 2012. The demographic Gini coefficients of staff, full-time public health service members, building area, equipment types, vaccination, infectious disease reporting and health supervision assist of the primary health institutions were respectively 0.06, 0.04, 0.07, 0.03, 0.07, 0.02, 0.11, and the geographic Gini coefficients were respectively 0.25, 0.34, 0.25, 0.28, 0.26, 0.33, 0.17 respectively. Conclusion The demographic and geographic equalization level of public health services resource allocation, vaccinations, infectious disease reporting, health supervision assist were higher, but the vaccination rate still needs to be improved.