Objective To understand the current situation and problems of the practice of radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions in Anhui in 2016,and provide basic information for further measures to be taken. Methods The data were collected by the national health supervision information reporting system, and the SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results In 2016 the province's radiation treatment institutions were 2333, of which 2326 institutions of X ray diagnostic imaging services, 45 institutions of interventional radiology treatment services, 19 institutions of nuclear medicine services, 70 institutions of radiation therapy services. Equipped with 4147 sets of radiation diagnosis and treatment equipment. The pre-job examination rate of radiation workers was 93.72%, the rate on guard was 96.15%, post-job medical examination rate was 76.67%. Individual dose monitoring should be 9238, and the actual monitoring rate of 95.12%. Conclusion Being faced with the increasing number of radiation treatment institutions, we should focus on increasing supervision of compliance, and effectively ensure the safety of radiation medicine.