Objective To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality in Anhui province. Methods 20 registries' data qualified from 24 submitted registries after data assessment as pooled data. Cancer incidence and mortality were stratified by gender and regions. Crude rate, age-standardized rate, age-specific and region-specific rate, cumulative rate and truncated rate were calculated. The proportion of 10 common cancers in different groups were calculated. Population census of China in 2000 and world Segi's population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality calculation. Results All 20 cancer registries covered a total of 19 135 013 population.51 736 new cancer cases and 32 089 cancer deaths were reported, respectively. The mortality to incidence ratio was 0.62. The crude incidence rate in Anhui cancer registration areas was 270.37/105(males 319.70/105, females 218.40/105), and the cumulative incidence rate ( aged 0-74 years old) was 23.74%. The cancer mortality in Anhui cancer registration areas was 167.70/105 (215.99/105 in male and 116.82/105 in female), and the cumulative mortality rate ( aged 0-74 years old) was 13.76%. Cancers of lung, stomach, sophagus, breast, liver, colon and rectum, cervix, prostate, brain and uterus were the most common cancers, accounting for about 78% of all cancer cases in urban and rural areas. Lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervix, brain cancer and leukemia were the most fatal cancer deaths, accounted for about 86% of all cancer deaths. Conclusion Lung cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer were the main cancers in Anhui province. Prevention and control measures should be implemented on these cancers to reduce the burden from the incidence andmortality of the cancer.