Objective To understand the scientific research needs and wills of the service personnel of the disease control and prevention institutions, and provide the basis for improving the personnel's scientific research qualities and the scientific research capacity of the institutions, and making the policy of scientific research personnel. Methods A self-designed questionnaire on scientific research willingness of Anhui provincial disease control system was used to investigate the core staffs of the provincial and municipal CDC. Results In results of the 328 subjects, only 56 peoples had the experience of conducting scientific research projects, accounting for 17.07%, and 273 peoples were willing to participate in scientific research activities, accounting for 83.23%. In the motivation of scientific research, the needs of improving business ability and the responsibility of disease control work were 93.6% and 57.01% respectively.The OR value of scientific research activities is 1.979 (1.202 to 3.257); scientific research selection, design and project approval are ranked in the needs of scientific research training; a lack of scientific research platform is considered as the most important difficulty. Conclusion The scientific research level of the disease control and control institutions in Anhui needs to be improved, but the scientific research intention of the business backbone is strong. The CDC should build a scientific research platform, and do a good job in scientific research, and promote the scientific research capacity.