Objective Through the investigation and analysis of the health status of medical radiation personnel in Anqing City, the impact of exposure to medical radiation on human health are explored and the development of radiological protection and intervention measures are guided. Methods A census method occupational health check is used to conducted on 789 medical radiologists in Anqing City. Results The prevalence of hypertension in 789 medical radiologists is 7.86%, the abnormal rate of electrocardiogram is 20.3%, and the positive rate of abdominal B-ultrasound is 45.6%. The abnormal rate of blood glucose in male radiation workers is higher than that in female radiation workers, and the difference is statistically significant (χ²=17.67,P<0.01).What's more, 12.21% of personnel who work for more than 20 years suffer the abnormal crystalline lens, while only 1.08% of those who work for no less than 10 years and 4.35% of those who work for 10-19 years suffer the abnormal crystalline lens. The difference is statistically significant (χ²=35.77, P< 0.01 ). The abnormal rate of lens in male eyes is 6.37% and that in females is 1.00% and that the difference is statistically significant (χ²=9.529, P<0.01). The chromosome aberration rate of radiation workers with more than 10 years of service increased, and the difference of chromosome aberration rate among medical workers with different working ages is statistically significant (χ²=6.025, P<0.05).And that the chromosome aberration rate of ordinary radiation personnel is 24.77%, and the chromosome aberration rates of radiotherapy is 10.29% and interventional and nuclear medicine is 10.34%, respectively, and the difference is statistically significant (χ²=12.92,P<0.01). Conclusion Long-term exposure to low-dose radiation can cause different degrees of damage to human eyes, cellular genetic material, heart, blood and other systems, and the damage gradually increases with the increase of working age, which is associated with the exposure to the doses of radiation.