Objective To investigate the status and its influencing factors of health care literacy of Chinese medicine among residents in Anhui,and provide a scientific basis for developing intervention strategy. Methods 645 residents aged 15-69 years old from 8 towns were randomly chosen by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. Results The overall level of health care literacy of Chinese medicine among the residents in 8 monitoring points in Anhui Province in 2014 was 8.89%, the rate of male was higher than that of female, but the difference had no statistical significant difference (χ²=0.84,P=0.89),the rate of 25-34 age group was 17%, which was the highest rate.Literacy level increases with the increase of educational level.In the three levels of health care literacy of Chinese medicine, the standard of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy was the highest (23.42%), and the content and method of health care were the lowest (3.23).In the eight dimensions, the highest level was physical fitness and health care (71.41%), and the lowest was emotional health and health care (2.10%).The literacy level of those person got the information about Chinese medicine through the medical institutions and the mass media, was higher than those without contact (χ²=0.001 and<0.001,P=0.001 and<0.001).Higher education level (OR=2.323, 95%CI:1.596~3.381) and health care information understanding ability (OR=18.057, 95%CI:7.904~41.254) were more likely to have health care literacy of Chinese medicine. Conclusion Medical institutions and mass media should been enforced in popularizing the knowledge of health care literacy in Chinese medicine, and the content of dissemination should been focused on basic concepts and knowledge,emotion and the comprehension of health care information.