Objective To investigate the cognition and needs of clinical medicine students in a medical university in Anhui Province for bilingual teaching of evidence-based medicine, and to explore the prospect of bilingual teaching methods in medical colleges and universities. Methods Clinical medicine undergraduates were selected as subjects by convenient sampling method,self-made questionnaires were used to investigate students cognition and needs for bilingual teaching of evidence-based medicine. Results A total of 323 students participated in this investigation.Only 1.9% of them were well aware of bilingual teaching, and 64.1% have little awareness or were unaware of bilingual teaching. 54.8% of the students realized that it is necessary to use bilingual teaching in evidence-based medicine course. 40.6% of the students hoped that the bilingual teaching hours accounted for 60-80% of the courses. 16.4% of the students hoped that the focus of bilingual teaching is on systematic review and meta-analysis.The different grades of students and their previous experience in bilingual teaching were the influencing factors of the cognitive level and needs situation of evidence-based medicine bilingual teaching. Conclusion The study show a relatively low level of the awareness of bilingual teaching but a relatively high level of demand in these clinical medicine students. Adopting flexible and varied teaching methods, improving the level of bilingual teaching of teachers, and selecting suitable teaching materials are essential for the promotion of bilingual teaching.