Objective To understand the causes of death and distribution characteristics of household registered residents in Feixi County from 2013 to 2017, and to provide scientific basis for formulating disease prevention and control strategies. Methods The information reported by medical institutions from 2013 to 2017 was collected through the Population Death Information Registration and Management System and the underlying causes of death were coded and classified by ICD-10.The total mortality rate, composition ratio, sequence of causes of death and age-specific causes of death were calculated and analyzed by SPSS 20.0 and Excel software. Results From 2013 to 2017, the mortality rate of residents in Feixi County was 559.73/100000, the male mortality rate was 648.34/100000, the female mortality rate was 463.63/100000, and the male mortality rate was significantly higher than that of the female (χ²= 617.048,P<0.001).The mortality rate of residents increased with age, and the male mortality rate of each age group was higher than that of the female.The top five causes of death were malignant tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, respiratory diseases and injuries, accounting for 89.51% of all deaths. Conclusion The malignant tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, respiratory diseases and other chronic diseases are the main causes of death affecting the health of residents in Feixi County from 2013 to 2017.We should attach great importance to the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases, strengthen the guidance and intervention of prevention and control of chronic diseases throughout the life cycle, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases in the population.