Objective To investigate the current situation of poor eyesight and influence factors among primary and middle secondary school students in Danyang City and its influencing factors, and to provide basis for the development of practical vision preventive care measures for primary and middle secondary school students. Methods Based on the physical examination data of growth and development of primary and secondary school students in Danyang City in 2016, 5 primary schools, 5 middle schools, 1-6 grade students and 1-2 grade students were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method.A total of 6328 urban and rural primary and secondary school students were examined by standard logarithmic visual acuity table. Results Among 6328 primary and secondary school students in Danyang City, 2964 were found to have poor vision, with a detection rate of 46.8%.The detection rates of mild, moderate and severe visual impairment were 10.4%, 19.7% and 16.7% respectively.The prevalence of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students of different gender (χ²=29.973,P<0.001), grade (χ²= 791.796,P< 0.001), urban and rural distribution (χ²= 96.389,P< 0.001) and economically developed areas (χ²= 154.187,P< 0.001) was different, and the difference was statistically significant.There were significant differences in the severity of visual impairment among primary and secondary school students of different gender (χ²= 34.955,P< 0.001), grade (χ²= 1202.218,P< 0.001), urban and rural distribution (χ²= 125.477,P< 0.001) and economically developed areas (χ²= 186.917,P< 0.001). Conclusion Danyang City's primary and secondary school students have serious vision impairment.Prevention and control measures should be taken and strengthened, especially in urban areas and moderately developed areas.We should strengthen the prevention and control of vision impairment, focusing on urban areas and moderately developed areas.