Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of statutory infectious diseases in Shou County of Anhui Province from 2014 to 2018, and provide scientific basis for formulating scientific prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods The Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 18.0 were used to describe and analyze the the incidence, death and epidemic characteristics of statutory infectious diseases in Shou County from 2014 to 2018 reported in the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System. Results There were 22 kinds of statutory infectious diseases including 17 629 cases were reported in Shou County from 2014 to 2018. The average annual morbidity was 341.28/100,000, and the morbidity showed a downward trend ((χ²_trend=214.939,P<0.001) . Intestinal infectious diseases were the major diseases with the reported cases of 7859 (44.58%).The top five reported diseases were hand foot and mouth disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, other infectious diarrhea and syphilis.There were 14 deaths due to statutory infectious diseases in 2014-2018, and the average annual mortality was 0.27/100,000.of 14 death cases, eight cases were died of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)(57.14%). Conclusion The infectious diseases that Shou County needs to focus on prevention and control in recent years are hand foot and mouth disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, other infectious diarrhea, syphilis and AIDS. At the same time, relevant departments should adopt effective prevention and control strategies according to the epidemic characteristics of statutory infectious diseases.