Objective By analyzing the surveillance data of iodine deficiency disorders and iodine content of drinking water in Huangshan City from 2013 to 2017, the progress of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders was discussed. Methods Within the city, drinking water was collected from villages and towns according to location and water supply mode, and the iodine content in drinking water was detected. Children aged 8-10 and pregnant women were selected according to the requirements of the monitoring program of iodine deficiency disorders in Anhui Province, and the thyroid volume of children, urinary iodine levels of children and pregnant women, qualified rate of household edible salt, consumption rate of qualified iodized salt and coverage rate of iodized salt were measured and calculated respectively. Results The iodine content of drinking water in Huangshan City in 2017 was less than 10μg/L, accounting for 99.20%, it was low. In 2017, the qualified rate of household edible salt, the qualified iodized salt consumption rate and the coverage rate of iodized salt in families of children aged 8-10 and pregnant women in Huangshan City were all above 95%. The thyroid volume test results of children aged 8-10 years in Huangshan City from 2013 to 2017 showed no significant change, but the proportion of children's urine iodine test results less than 20 ug/L and pregnant women's urine iodine less than 50 ug/L increased year by year. Conclusion The iodine content of drinking water in Huangshan City is low, and some children and pregnant women are still in moderate to mild iodine deficiency. Targeted iodine supplementation measures should be taken for iodine deficiency population.