Objective To investigate the incidence of malignant tumors in residents within 30 km of Fangchenggang city before operation of Hongsha Nuclear Power,and to provide basic data for normal operation of nuclear power or health impact assessment of nuclear power accidents. Methods The incidence data of malignant tumors within a radius of 30km from the nuclear power plant were collected. Results A total of 1,186 cases of malignant tumor in women were reported in the monitoring from 2014 to 2015, with an annual reported incidence of 1,832.6/100,000 and a standardized rate of 1,492.1/100,000.The top 10 malignant tumors in men were liver cancer,lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, sophageal cancer, prostate cancer, nasopharyngeal , malignant lymphoma, bone malignant tumor and brain tumor.The top 10 malignant tumor in women were cervical cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer, brain tumor, nasopharyngeal , bone malignant tumor and malignant lymphoma. Conclusion The standardized incidence rate of malignant tumors within the monitoring is lower than that western .Cancer of lung, liver, cervix and digestive system are the main malignant tumors, which is consistent with the results of tumor monitoring and reporting in Guangxi over the years.