Objective To identify and compare the development indicators of MCH (maternal and child health) institutions with different management system in Anhui Province,in order to provide information for MCH institutional management and reform. Methods Related institutional indicators were selected from 2016 Anhui provincial MCH institutions monitoring database.Management indicators such as institutional nature and management model were collected through telephone survey.National MCH indicators were extracted from the survey and analysis report on resources and operation of the national MCH institutions in 2016.Indicators of MCH institutional development were statistical compared. Results By the end of 2016,there were 123 MCH institutions in Anhui Province,including 1 provincial institution,16 municipal institutions,45 district institutions and 61 county institutions.There were 94 MCH institutions with type I management system (about 2/3).The assigned numbers of staff and beds,and real numbers of staff and beds were much lower in type I institutions than in type II institutions,so was the personnal income.Only 41 institutions provided inpatient services (33.3%),including all of the 22 type II institutions.Among the 41 institutions with inpatient services,staff numbers (average 63.9),beds numbers (average 25.3),in-patient revenue per staff (RMB 11000) and in-patient revenue per bed (RMB 21000) were all much lower than those of type II institutions (201.3,103.5,109000 and 212000 respectively). Conclusion The MCH institutional system was completed in Anhui province,but developmental size was less than the national average. Type I MCH institutions were more than type II and the proportion of providing in-patient services was low. The institutional size,service capacity and efficiency among the type I institutions were much lower than the type II institutions.