Objective To understand the current situation of medical college students' social responsibility in the new era through the investigation and analysis of different levels of medical college students' social responsibility. Methods From December 2018 to April 2019, college students from 5 medical colleges affiliated to Anhui Province were selected to participate in the questionnaire survey, questionnaire results were collected and statistically analyzed. Results A total of 1102 valid questionnaires were collected, the overall average score of social responsibility was 4.08 points.Compared with junior college students, the sense of team responsibility and professional responsibility of undergraduate students were significantly strengthened, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The sense of self responsibility and the sense of responsibility of others of postgraduates were significantly enhanced (P＜0.05).Compared with undergraduate students, postgraduates' self responsibility, other people's responsibility, team responsibility and professional responsibility were significantly enhanced, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in social responsibility among college students of different genders and only and non-only children (P＞0.05).Compared with nursing major, the sense of team responsibility and professional responsibility of medical (non-nursing) college students were significantly enhanced, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Medical college students generally had a high sense of social responsibility.The higher the educational level, the stronger the sense of social responsibility.Students majoring in medical had a stronger sense of social responsibility than those majoring in nursing.